Azubuike Callistus Francis
Department of Political Science
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
+2348035311836
Ezeanya Emeka Vincent
Department of Political Science
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
ABSTRACT
Conflict resolutions among other things were the major reasons why OAU which later became AU was formed. Despite the successes recorded so far by AU in her peace-building exercise in Africa, the issue of violent conflicts has continued to be the bane of most African countries today. This paper is poised to look into some selected violent conflicts in Africa with the aim to ascertain the causes, peace building efforts of AU and possible solutions to minimize future occurrence. To achieve this aim, the paper relies on secondary data collection system, while Structural Conflict Theory is adopted as the theoretical framework to analyze the study. The structural conflict theorists argue that conflict is built into the particular ways societies are structured and organized. It considers social problems like political and economic alienation, injustice, poverty, disease, exploitation, inequality and class domination etc. as causes of conflict and believes that the only solution to this type of condition is revolution, civil war, or some form of violence which will overthrow the exploitative system. This has been the issue in most African crises and if not properly addressed, crises will continue to occur in Africa.
REFERENCES
Achebe, C. (1983). The Trouble with Nigeria, Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishing Co. Ltd.
Adedeji, A. (1999). Comprehending and Mastering African Conflicts: The Search of Sustainable Peace and Good Government, London: Zed Books.
Aderanti A. (2005). Migration in West Africa, A paper prepared for the Policy Analysis and Research Programme of the Global Commission on International Migration, September.
Adeyemo, F. O. (2000). Conflicts, Wars and Peace in Africa, 1960- 2000, Lagos: Franc Soba Nig. Ltd.
Africa Briefing Report (2011). The African Union’s role in the Libya and Côte d’Ivoire conflicts, Brussels – 16 May
Aja-Apkuru, A. (2011). Homeland Security System and Conflict Management in Crisis Ridden Boundaries in Nigeria, In O. Mbachu & A. Sokoto (eds) Nigeria Defense and Security: Policies and Strategies. Kaduna: Medusa Academic Publishers Limited 255-268
Anyang’ N. P. (1991). The Implications of crises and conflict in the Upper Nile Valley. In: Deng and Zartman (eds.) 1991. pp 95-114.
Ake, C. (1981). .A Political Economy of Africa. Lagos: Longman Group Ltd.
Ake, C. (1985). Why is Africa not developing? West Africa, pp. 1212-1214.
Akuffo, E.A. (2010). Cooperating for peace and security or competing for legitimacy in Africa? The case of the African Union in Darfur, African Security Review, 19(4): 74-89
Appiah, A. Z. (2020). Comprehensive Analysis Of South Sudan Conflict: Determinants And Repercussions https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-0816 kaaf0712.
Alexander, A. (2005). Geo-political explanation of Conflict in the Horn of Africa: Prevention and Resolution. Proceedings of the Second National Workshop of the Ethiopia Chapter of OSSREA (pp. 30-49).
Andrew, E. T. (2019). Why the latest peace deal in South Sudan won’t hold, The Conversation.” Accessed 2020, https://theconversation.com/why-the-latest-peace-deal-in-south-sudan-wont-hold-113125
Aljazeera, (2014). South Sudan President Fires Cabinet. Accessed 22 May 2018. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/07/201372318388499663.html.
Aziza, G. D. (2017). The Cause and Consequence of Conflict in South Sudan, Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS) and Diplomat at Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, (ETHIOPIA) Accepted 2 January 2017 International Journal of Political Science and Development
Awolowich, A. (2015). Political Parties and the Push for Political Consensus. Sudd Institute.
Aljazeera, (2014).“South Sudan President Fires Cabinet.” Available at: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/ africa/2013/07/201372318388499663.html [Accessed 29 May. 2014]. “Statement of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission on South Sudan”, AU PSC, 3 July 2018, at <http://www.peaceau.org/en/article/statement-of-the-chairperson-of-the-african-unioncommission-on-south-sudan.
Cohen, H. J. (1993). Interview at the conclusion of his four-year term as Assistant Secretary of State for Africa. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Africa Notes, 147 (April), p. 7.
| 115-127 |
Cohen, H. J. (1995). What should we do when nations get angry? Nexus Africa, 1 (2), pp. 11-14.
Cohen, H. J. 1996. Conflict Management in Africa. CSIS Africa Notes, 181 (February).
Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and Grievance in Civil War”, Oxford Economic Papers, (56): 563-595.
Collier, P. (2003). Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Washington, D.C., & New York: World Bank and Oxford University Press
Communique of the 783rd meeting of the AU PSC held in Nouakchott, Mauritania, on 30 June 2018, at the level of Heads of State and Government, on the situation in the Republic of South Sudan. AU PSC, 3 July 2018, at http://www.peaceau.org/en/article/communique-of-the-783rd-meetingof-the-psc-held-in-nouakchott-mauritania-on-30-june-2018-on-the-situation-in-the-republic-ofsouth-sudan. 23 August 2018.
Dawitt, T. (2016 ). The African Union and the Libyan Revolution: The Efficacy of the African Peace and Security Architecture. African Politics, African Peace. A summary paper from the programme African Peace Missions.
De Waal, A. (2014).Visualizing South Sudan: The Culprit: The Army. World Peace Foundation.
Ezeibe O. (2014). African Union and Conflict Resolution in Africa. Department of Public Administration and Local Government, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Ekwealor, C. & Uzodike, U. (2016). The African Union Interventions in African Conflicts: Unity and Leadership Conundrum on Libya, Journal of African Union Studies (JoAUS) Volume 5, Issue 1, 2016 Pp 63-82
Ekwealor, C. and Uzodike, U. (2012). The United Nations Security Council and human insecurity in Libya: The intricacies of Resolution 1973. Paper presented at the 2012 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Society and Culture held at Unit B on 15th Floor, EU YAN SANG Tower, Nos.11/15, Chatham Road South, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Vol.51, pages 97-101
Ekwealor C.T. (2013). United Nations Security Council resolutions in Africa: the conundrum of state and human insecurity in Libya. Master of Arts Thesis, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Ekwealor, C.T. (2015a). Peace building and Security Sector Reform: governance lessons for Africa, UPEACE Policy Series, Monograph, Volume 2, No.1, pp 71 – 81.
Ekwealor, C.T. (2015b). (In)Security Regime Among African Youth: The Age And Law Curfew Globalism: Journal Of Culture, Politics And Innovation. Vol, 2, Doi: Gjcpi.2015.2.3.
Enuka, C. (2015). Conflict and Peace Keeping in Africa, The West African Peace Initiative 1990-1997” Arise And Shine Press, 6 C.M.O Shopping Complex, Regina Caeli Road, Awka, Anambra.
Enuka Chuka, (2017). Nigeria’s Peace Roles in African Conflicts, The Promptings, Pluses and Pains. Arise And Shine Press, 6 C.M.O Shopping Complex, Regina Caeli Road, Awka, Anambra.
Journal of Liberty and International Affairs | Vol. 6, No. 1, 2020 | ISSN 1857-9760 Published online by the Institute for Research and European Studies at www.e-jlia.com.
Galtung, J. (2004).Human needs, humanitarian intervention, human security and the war in Iraq, Keynote address, Sophia University/ICU, Tokyo, 14 December 2003, and Regional Studies Association, Tokyo, 10 January 2004.
Kriesberg, L. (1982). Social conflicts, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
Katerina Rudincova (2019). African Solution To African Problems, AU And The Conflict Resolution In South Sudan, University Of Ostrava.
The OAU: Declaration on a Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution. Retrieved from http://www.dipublico.com.ar/english/treaties/oau-declaration-on-amechanism.
| 115-127 |
Obasanjo, O. (1991). Preface In: Deng and Zartman (eds.) 1991. pp. xiii-xx.
Okoyo, M. (1977). Africa and political stability. Africa, No. 74, October 1977, pp. 93-96.
Ryan, S. (1990). Ethnic conflict and international relations.”Aldershot, Dartmouth Publishing Company.
Skjelsbaek, K. & Gunnar, F. (1996). The UN Secretary-General and the mediation of international disputes. In: Bercovitch ed. 1996, pp. 75-104.
Smith, M. G. (1986). Pluralism, Violence and the Modern State. In: Kazancigil, A. ed. The State in Global Perspective. Paris, Gower/UNESCO. Southern Cameroons National Council 1995”.The London Communiqué. June 22.
Uchendu, S. A. (2010), Conflict Management and Resolution, A Better Aproach. Zubby Printers Enugu.
Umozurike, U.O. (2005). Introduction to International Law (5th Edition). Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.
Zartman, I. W. (1984). The OAU in the Africa state system. In: Ayouty, Y.E. and I. William Zartman eds. The OAU after twenty years. Westport, CT, Praeger.
For the complete paper,click here